The Impact of Computer Science Degrees on Career Selection Among Graduates in Mogadishu, Somalia

Abstract

The expansion of information and communication technology (ICT) industries across East Africa and the broader IGAD and Arab regions has created an urgent demand for computer science (CS) graduates. In Mogadishu, Somalia, universities have rapidly expanded CS programmes; however, limited empirical evidence exists regarding how such degrees translate into actual career outcomes. This study investigated the impact of computer science degrees on career selection, employment trajectories, and professional preparedness among graduates in Mogadishu, Somalia. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was employed with 300 CS graduates selected through systematic sampling. A structured, self-administered questionnaire covering 17 items was administered electronically and in-person in January 2026. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential methods including chi-square tests of independence and cross-tabulations. The majority of respondents were male (74.3%) and young (70.7% aged 20–24). Interest in technology was the primary motivation for degree selection (67.7%). Of respondents, 61.0% were employed in CS-related roles while 39.0% worked outside the field. University preparation significantly predicted career confidence (χ² = 58.938, p < 0.001), and employment sector distribution differed significantly by sex (χ² = 9.334, p = 0.025). The principal employment barriers included limited job openings (40.7%), nepotistic hiring practices (30.3%), and inadequate technical skills (31.7%). An overwhelming 79.7% of graduates planned to seek employment abroad. Computer science degrees in Mogadishu confer meaningful employability advantages; however, structural barriers including clan-based nepotism, skill gaps, and limited industry-academia linkages constrain graduate outcomes. Curriculum reforms, strengthened internship programmes, and merit-based recruitment frameworks are urgently needed.